At issue is the time when missions reach far enough to impose enough of a communication delay to make constant real time control impractical. At that point, we’d need autonomous machines.
The human vs.machine debate is a false construct: robotic unmanned spacecraft are directed by human beings on Earth. Unless disabled by fierce sandstorms, our rovers are in constant realtime communication with their masters at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, as will the New Horizons spacecraft now heading for Pluto with human monitors watching over it. Stephen Hawking: The Future of Space -Manned vs Robotic Missions? (A Weekend Feature)
